Fragments in Android with Sample Tutorial

In Android, the fragment is the part of Activity which represents a portion of User Interface on the screen. It is the modular section of the android activity that is very helpful in creating UI designs that are flexible in nature and auto-adjustable based on the device screen size. The UI flexibility on all devices improves the user experience and adaptability of the application. Fragments can exist only inside an activity as its lifecycle is dependent on the lifecycle of host activity.

If you plan on using fragments in combination with Pre-Honeycomb devices you will need to use these to ensure backward compatibility with fragments. Later in this chapter, more functionality will be added to this class. Before that, however, we need to create the second fragment. Once the changes have been made, switch the Layout Editor tool back to Design mode and click on the warning button in the top right-hand corner of the design area. Select the hardcoded text warning, click the Fix button and assign the string to a resource named change_text.

Although activities and fragments may look similar and interchangeable at first, in reality, they are very different. Unlike activities, fragments don’t need to be declared in the AndroidManifest.xml. Once finished with the setup, your activity will be ready to be shown on the application startup. Then, https://cryptominer.services/ use the setContentView method to initialize the layout which the activity will refer to. Let’s now return to our Activity class, the first step is to initialize the layout inside the onCreate method. Users will navigate across different fragments depending on the guidelines in the navigation graph.

FragmentStateManager

To draw a UI for your fragment, you must return a View component from this method that is the root of your fragment's layout. You can return null if the fragment does not provide a UI. You can add or remove fragments in an activity while the activity is running. Using this approach, all three fragments will remain in the container once added initially and then we are simply revealing the desired fragment and hiding the others within the container. Check out this stackoverflow for a discussion on deciding when to replace vs hide and show. Note that the fragment’s method is called only when the Activity didn’t consume the event first.

• Inevitably in certain cases you will want to embed a fragment within another fragment.
• OnDestroy()onDestroy() called to do final clean up of the fragment's state but Not guaranteed to be called by the Android platform.
• Download the FragmentExample_start Android Studio project.
• If the fragment does not have any UI, it will return null.

So for fixing this error, what you need to do this you need to go to the property here and in there, you go to the property called orientation and change the orientation to vertical and this error will be gone. Layout files in Android are XML files, and they are kept in the layout resource folder of your project. Therefore, navigate to the res/layout folder and open the activity_main.xml. Delete the TextView and replace it with the NavHost Fragment component, as shown below. After you have created the navigation file, a new dialog will appear prompting you to install several dependencies. To create a simple mobile app that demonstrates how fragments are used in Android.

Android Fragment Lifecycle

Fragments have their lifecycle and layouts or UI components. Fragments help enrich your UI design, pass data between different screens, and adapt to different device configurations. It is now the job of the activity to communicate with the Text Fragment and to pass along these values so that the fragment can update the TextView object accordingly. Almost all android app uses dynamic addition of fragments as it improves the user experience. Below is the step-by-step implementation of adding 2 fragments in one activity.

Before going any further, it’s essential to understand what fragments are or mean. As we stated above, a fragment is a part of application’s user interface that is bound to an activity. Fragments also have their logic and can thus, accept and handle different events. Fragments are beneficial since they allow code to be divided into smaller and more manageable chunks.

After that we perform setOnClickListener event on Button so whenever a user click on the button a message “Fragment’s Button“ is displayed on the screen by using a Toast. After that we perform setOnClickListener event on Button so whenever a user click on the button a message “Second Fragment“ is displayed on the screen by using a Toast. After that we perform setOnClickListener event on Button so whenever a user click on the button a message “First Fragment“ is displayed on the screen by using a Toast. We can add, replace or remove Fragment’s in an Activity while the activity is running. For performing these operations we need a Layout in xml file and then replace that layout with the required Fragment.

When individuals click on the yes or no buttons, they are redirected to the correct or wrong fragments depending on their answer. The image below shows how the fragment lifecycle methods are classified. Alternatively, callback methods can also help in the management of the fragment’s lifecycle.

On the click of First Button we replace the First Fragment and on click of Second Button we replace the Second Fragment with the layout. For replacing a Fragment with FrameLayout firstly we create a Fragment Manager and then begin the transaction using Fragment Transaction and finally replace the Fragment with the layout i.e FrameLayout. The savedInstanceState parameter is a Bundle that provides data about the previous instance of the Fragment. The inflate() method has three arguments first one is the resource layout which we want to inflate, second is the ViewGroup to be the parent of the inflated layout. We can create Fragments by extending Fragment class or by inserting a Fragment into our Activity layout by declaring the Fragment in the activity’s layout file, as aelement.

How to set up a Fragment

The onClick() method will call the displayFragment() method to open the Fragment if the Fragment is not already open; otherwise it calls closeFragment(). This code adds a new Fragment using the add() transaction method. The first argument passed to add() is the layout resource for the ViewGroup in which the Fragment should be placed. A render error may appear below the preview, because a element can dynamically include different layouts when the app runs, and the layout editor doesn't know what layout to use for a preview.

It provide flexibility and also removed the limitation of single Activity on the screen at a time. Back stack allows users to navigate back to the previous activity or fragment. In fragments, back stack needs to be declared manually using the addToBackStack method. When adding a Fragment dynamically to an Activity, the best practice for creating the fragment is to create the instance with a newinstance() method in the Fragment itself. Call the newinstance() method from the Activity to create a new instance. To add a Fragment dynamically to an Activity so that the Activity can add, replace, or remove it, specify a ViewGroup inside the layout file for the Activity such as a FrameLayout.

It uses Fragments, modular sections of an Activity, to create a flexible and responsive UI. ViewLifecycleProperty makes easy declaring the property that has the same lifecycle as Fragment's view. Step 2) Now add a function and pass an argument 'View view'. Step 10) Now you can add some more properties to this fragment like ID, for example, we will name as fragment_place. As you can see, you can specify multiple Fragments inside a single Activity, thanks to the modularity of the component.

Organizing your Code

You will also add code to save the value of isFragmentDisplayed and use it if the configuration changes, such as if the user switches from portrait or landscape orientation. In the Configure Component dialog, name the Fragment SimpleFragment. Full Cycle Product Development Company Digital The Create layout XML option should already be selected, and the Fragment layout will be filled in as fragment_simple. Now, when you run your Android application and touch the "Whee" button, a toast should pop up simply saying "Wheee."

Uncheck the Include fragment factory methods and Include interface callbacks options. Use Fragment transactions to add, replace, and remove a Fragment while an Activity is running. Once you have done that, you will see the Android component generator wizard.

For example, if the host activity is paused, then all the methods and operations of the fragment related to that activity will stop functioning, thus fragment is also termed as sub-activity. Fragments can be added, removed, or replaced dynamically i.e., while activity is running. Step 1)Now go to the mainactivity.java and in here, we need to import some library to add some fragment, fragment manager and fragment transaction. Before moving on, we need to take some time to explain the above code changes. First, the class is declared as implementing the OnSeekBarChangeListener interface. This is because the user interface contains a SeekBar instance and the fragment needs to receive notifications when the user slides the bar to change the font size.

Tapping Close removes the Fragment and shows the Open text in the button. You can switch your device or emulator from vertical to horizontal orientation to see that the buttons and Fragment work. // If the fragment is displayed, change button to "close". You will change the FragmentExample1 app to manage the Fragment using FragmentManager and FragmentTransaction statements that can add, remove, and replace a Fragment. After tapping a radio button, change the orientation of your device or emulator from portrait to landscape.

OnCreate() is called to do initial creation of the fragment. Retrieval and storage of data from persistence through model objects. Clicking on first button shows First Fragment and on click of Second Button shows the Second Fragment which is actually replacing layout.